Effect of Low-Level Laser Irradiation on Proliferative Activity of Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stromal Cells.

We studied the effect of low-level laser irradiation on proliferative activity of cultured human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal sells. Cells were irradiated with a solid-state laser emitting at 650 nm; irradiation doses were 0.04, 0.4, or 4 J/cm2. Laser irradiation was performed once at the start of the cell proliferation experiment or daily throughout the experiment. Cells were cultured for 7 days. The number of viable cells was assessed using the MTT test. An increase in cell proliferative activity was detected after daily laser irradiations; the maximum stimulating effect was achieved at a dose of 0.04 J/cm2. These results substantiate medical use of lasers for expansion of cells intended for transplantation.

Brain Proteome of Drosophila melanogaster Is Enriched with Nuclear Proteins.

The brain proteome of Drosophila melanogaster was characterized by liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry and compared to the earlier characterized Drosophila whole-body and head proteomes. Raw data for all the proteomes were processed in a similar manner. Approximately 4000 proteins were identified in the brain proteome that represented, as expected, the subsets of the head and body proteomes. However, after thorough data curation, we reliably identified 24 proteins unique for the brain proteome; 13 of them have never been detected before at the protein level. Fourteen of 24 identified proteins have been annotated as nuclear proteins. Comparison of three used datasets by label-free quantitation showed statistically significant enrichment of the brain proteome with nuclear proteins. Therefore, we recommend the use of isolated brain preparations in the studies of Drosophila nuclear proteins.

[Searching for essential genes in cancer genomes]. / Podkhody k poisku kriticheski vazhnykh genov v rakovom genome.

The concept of essential genes, whose loss of functionality leads to cell death, is one of the fundamental concepts of genetics and is important for fundamental and applied research. This field is particularly promising in relation to oncology, since the search for genetic vulnerabilities of cancer cells allows us to identify new potential targets for antitumor therapy. The modern biotechnology capacities allow carrying out large-scale projects for sequencing somatic mutations in tumors, as well as directly interfering the genetic apparatus of cancer cells. They provided accumulation of a considerable body of knowledge about genetic variants and corresponding phenotypic manifestations in tumors. In the near future this knowledge will find application in clinical practice. This review describes the main experimental and computational approaches to the search for essential genes, concentrating on the application of these methods in the field of molecular oncology.

[Comparative proteomic profiling of nuclear and cytosolic fractions from cell lines of different origin]. / Sravnitel'noe proteomnoe profilirovanie iadernoi i tsitozol'noi fraktsii kletochnykh linii razlichnogo proiskhozhdeniia.

Proteomic analysis of the nuclear fraction is of great importance, since many cellular processes are initiated in the nucleus. Refinement and choice of experimental procedures for cell lysate fractionation and parameters for mass spectrometric detection and data processing continue to be of current interest. The mass spectrometry analysis presented here was tested on human cell lines derived from different tissues: HL-60 (peripheral blood); HepG2 (liver); EA.hy926 (vascular endothelium). High reproducibility of results and their consistency with biological properties of the objects under study were demonstrated. The use of cells of different types made it possible to reveal a set of 16 proteins whose LFQ-values allow for the discrimination between proteome fractions regardless of cell origin. Also, a set of 16 proteins is suggested which are associated with individual characteristics of cell lines regardless of cell fraction. These protein panels can serve as parameters to verify the proteomic analysis done was of sufficient quality, in particular as indicators of successful fractionation of cell or tissue lysate.

[Proteome of the human HaCaT keratinocytes: Identification of the oxidative stress proteins after sodium dodecyl sulpfate exposur].

Oxidative stress is a universal response of the skin cell damage of various origins. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, sodium lauryl sulfate) is an anionic surfactant commonly used as an emulsifying detergent in household cleaners. Sodium dodecyl sulfate is the reference compound for testing toxicity on cellular skin models. The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate in sub toxic dose 25 µg/mL during 48 h on the protein profile of human keratinocytes HaCaT was studied by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. In total, 1064 proteins were found in immortalized human keratinocytes HaCaT, of which about 80% were identified by two or more peptides. The change of the 217 proteins content was revealed, among them 39 according to Gene Ontology are associated with oxidative stress. It has been found that sodium dodecyl sulfate leads to a decrease in the number of proteins/peptides containing carboxymethylated and/or carboxyethylated lysine. We concluded about the promising of the cells redox-balance analysis at testing chemicals in the doses, which do not lead to a decrease in their viability. Possible involvement of sodium dodecyl sulfate in the development of cutaneous neoplasia is discussed.